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  5. T&E (Travel and Entertainment)

T&E (Travel and Entertainment)

Employee spending on business travel, meals, and client entertainment, managed through expense reports and corporate policies.

Expense ManagementAccounting & Bookkeeping

FAQs

What percentage of business meals is tax deductible?

Business meals are 50% deductible for federal income tax purposes, provided they are directly related to business and the taxpayer is present. The TCJA eliminated the deduction for entertainment expenses (sporting events, concerts), so only the meal component of combined dining/entertainment events is deductible. Some exceptions apply for company-wide employee meals.

How do corporate cards differ from personal reimbursement for T&E?

Corporate cards are issued to employees and billed to the company — employees don't use personal funds and don't wait for reimbursement. This improves cash flow for employees and gives employers real-time spending visibility. Personal card reimbursement requires employees to float expenses and submit expense reports — slower, more admin-intensive, and provides less real-time data.

What is the difference between a corporate card and a virtual card?

A physical corporate card is a standard card used for various T&E purchases. A virtual card is a single-use or limited-use card number generated for a specific vendor, amount, or purpose — often used for AP payments to specific vendors. Virtual cards provide granular control (can only be charged by one vendor for a set amount) and detailed transaction data, reducing fraud and simplifying reconciliation.

Related Terms

Per Diem

A fixed daily allowance provided to employees for meals and incidentals while traveling for business, simplifying expense management and IRS compliance.

Internal Controls

The policies, procedures, and practices designed to safeguard assets, ensure financial accuracy, prevent fraud, and promote operational efficiency.

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Travel and Entertainment (T&E) is a category of business expenses covering costs incurred by employees in the conduct of business activities — including airfare, hotels, ground transportation, meals, client entertainment, and other travel-related costs. T&E is typically among the largest controllable expense categories for companies with field sales teams, professional services delivery, or executive travel.

T&E expenses are initiated by employees making purchases (often via corporate credit card or personal card for later reimbursement), captured through expense reports, reviewed by managers for policy compliance, approved, and processed for reimbursement or reconciliation against corporate cards. This process has historically been heavily manual, paper-intensive, and slow.

T&E policy compliance is a major control focus: companies establish policies specifying allowable expense types, maximum per diems for meals and hotels, advance booking requirements for flights, approved vendors, required receipts and documentation, and business purpose justification. Non-compliant expenses must be rejected or flagged for management review.

Modern expense management platforms (Concur, Expensify, Brex, Ramp) digitize the T&E process through mobile receipt capture, automated policy checking, direct corporate card integration, and streamlined approval workflows. AI-powered tools now automatically categorize expenses, detect duplicates, flag policy violations, and extract data from receipts without manual entry.

For tax purposes, business travel is generally 100% deductible. Business meals are 50% deductible under current US tax law. Entertainment expenses (tickets to sporting events, concerts) are no longer deductible post-TCJA (2017), which changed expense policy management for many companies.