Bank Reconciliation
The process of matching a company's internal cash records to its bank statement to identify and resolve discrepancies.
FAQs
How often should bank reconciliations be performed?
At minimum, monthly reconciliations are required for most audit-ready financial close processes. High-volume businesses or those with tight cash management needs should reconcile weekly or even daily. Real-time bank feeds enable continuous reconciliation in modern accounting systems.
What should I do if I can't reconcile my bank account?
Start by verifying the opening balance of the prior period reconciliation. Then check for transactions recorded in the wrong period, duplicate entries, or transposed amounts. If a difference persists, it may indicate an unrecorded transaction or potential fraud requiring investigation.
Can bank reconciliation detect fraud?
Yes — it is one of the most effective fraud detection controls. Unauthorized transfers, payments to fictitious vendors, and employee theft often appear as unexplained differences during reconciliation. Timely, independent reconciliation by someone other than the person processing payments is essential.
Related Terms
General Ledger
The master record of all financial transactions in a business, organized by account and used to produce financial statements.
Cash Basis Accounting
An accounting method that records income and expenses only when cash is actually received or paid.
Audit Trail
A chronological record of all user actions, system events, and data changes in a financial system, providing a traceable history for auditing and investigation.
Internal Controls
The policies, procedures, and practices designed to safeguard assets, ensure financial accuracy, prevent fraud, and promote operational efficiency.