Accrual Accounting
An accounting method that records revenues and expenses when earned or incurred, regardless of when cash changes hands.
FAQs
When must a business switch from cash to accrual accounting?
The IRS generally requires businesses with average annual gross receipts exceeding $30 million over the prior three years to use accrual accounting. Many businesses switch voluntarily well before that threshold to satisfy investors, lenders, or audit requirements.
What is the main disadvantage of accrual accounting?
Accrual accounting can show profit on the income statement even when a business has no cash on hand, because revenue is recognized before payment is collected. This disconnect between profit and cash flow is why monitoring the cash flow statement alongside the income statement is essential.
Does accrual accounting affect taxes?
Yes. Under accrual accounting, you may owe taxes on income you haven't yet collected in cash. However, it also allows you to deduct expenses before you've paid them, which can create timing advantages for tax planning.
Related Terms
Cash Basis Accounting
An accounting method that records income and expenses only when cash is actually received or paid.
Revenue Recognition
The accounting principle determining when and how much revenue can be recorded on the income statement under GAAP.
Deferred Revenue
Cash received from customers for services not yet delivered, recorded as a liability until the service obligation is fulfilled.
General Ledger
The master record of all financial transactions in a business, organized by account and used to produce financial statements.